The following table provides components of Other (income)/deductions––net: | ||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS) | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Interest income(a) | $ | (403 | ) | $ | (382 | ) | $ | (456 | ) | |||
Interest expense(a) | 1,414 | 1,522 | 1,681 | |||||||||
Net interest expense | 1,011 | 1,140 | 1,225 | |||||||||
Royalty-related income(b) | (523 | ) | (451 | ) | (543 | ) | ||||||
Patent litigation settlement income(c) | (1,342 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Other legal matters, net(d) | 35 | 2,220 | 784 | |||||||||
Gain associated with the transfer of certain product rights to an equity-method investment(e) | (459 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Net gains on asset disposals(f) | (320 | ) | (52 | ) | (40 | ) | ||||||
Certain asset impairments and related charges(g) | 1,101 | 890 | 885 | |||||||||
Costs associated with the Zoetis IPO(h) | 18 | 125 | 33 | |||||||||
Other, net | (53 | ) | 150 | 142 | ||||||||
Other (income)/deductions––net | $ | (532 | ) | $ | 4,022 | $ | 2,486 | |||||
(a) | 2013 v. 2012––Interest income increased due to higher investment balances. Interest expense decreased due to lower outstanding debt, refinancings at lower rates, and the benefit of the effective conversion of some fixed-rate liabilities to floating-rate liabilities. 2012 v. 2011––Interest income decreased due to lower average cash balances and lower interest rates earned on investments. Interest expense decreased due to lower debt balances and the effective conversion of some fixed-rate liabilities to floating-rate liabilities. Capitalized interest expense totaled $32 million in 2013, $41 million in 2012 and $50 million in 2011. |
(b) | Royalty-related income increased in 2013 due to royalties earned on sales of Enbrel in the U.S. and Canada after October 31, 2013. On that date, our co-promotion agreement for Enbrel in the U.S. and Canada expired, and we became entitled to royalties for a 36-month period. In 2012, the decrease primarily reflects the expiration of certain royalty agreements. |
(c) | In 2013, reflects income from a litigation settlement with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (Teva) and Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (Sun) for patent-infringement damages resulting from their "at-risk" launches of generic Protonix in the U.S. As of December 31, 2013, the remaining receivables from Teva are included in Other current assets ($512 million). For additional information, see Note 17A5. Commitments and Contingencies: Legal Proceedings––Certain Matters Resolved During 2013. |
(d) | In 2012, primarily includes a $491 million charge relating to the resolution of an investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice into Wyeth's historical promotional practices in connection with Rapamune, a $450 million settlement of a lawsuit by Brigham Young University related to Celebrex, and charges related to hormone-replacement therapy litigation and Chantix litigation. In 2011, primarily includes charges related to hormone-replacement therapy litigation. For additional information, see Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies. |
(e) | In 2013, represents the gain associated with the transfer of certain product rights to Hisun Pfizer, our equity-method investment in China. For additional information, see Note 2D. Acquisitions, Divestitures, Collaborative Arrangements and Equity-Method Investments: Equity-Method Investments. |
(f) | Net gains include realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities. Gross realized gains were $529 million in 2013, $214 million in 2012 and $907 million in 2011. Gross realized losses were $310 million in 2013, $535 million in 2012 and $603 million in 2011. Proceeds, primarily from the sale of available-for-sale securities, were $15.2 billion in 2013, $19.0 billion in 2012 and $10.2 billion in 2011. Also included are the net gains and losses from derivative financial instruments used to hedge the foreign exchange component of the divested available-for-sale securities in the amounts of $137 million loss in 2013, $351 million gain in 2012 and $264 million loss in 2011. In 2013, also includes a gain of $125 million on the sale of a portion of our in-licensed generic sterile injectibles portfolio. |
(g) | In 2013, includes intangible asset impairment charges of $803 million, reflecting (i) $394 million of developed technology rights (for use in the development of bone and cartilage) acquired in connection with our acquisition of Wyeth, (ii) $227 million related to IPR&D compounds; (iii) $109 million of indefinite-lived brands, primarily related to our biopharmaceutical indefinite-lived brand; Xanax/Xanax XR; and (iv) $73 million of other finite-lived intangible assets, related to platform technology, that no longer have an alternative future use. The intangible asset impairment charges for 2013 reflect, among other things, updated commercial forecasts and, with regard to IPR&D, also reflect the impact of new scientific findings and delayed launch dates. The intangible asset impairment charges for 2013 are associated with the following: Specialty Care ($394 million); Established Products ($201 million); Worldwide Research and Development ($140 million); Primary Care ($54 million); and Consumer Healthcare ($14 million). In addition, 2013 includes a loss of $223 million related to an option to acquire the remaining interest in Teuto, a 40%-owned generics company in Brazil (an equity-method investment), an impairment charge of approximately $43 million for certain private company investments and an impairment charge of $32 million related to the aforementioned equity-method investment in Brazil, Teuto. |
(h) | Costs incurred in connection with the IPO of an approximate 19.8% ownership interest in Zoetis. Includes expenditures for banking, legal, accounting and similar services. For additional information, see Note 2B. Acquisitions, Divestitures, Collaborative Arrangements and Equity-Method Investments: Divestitures. |
The following table provides additional information about the intangible assets that were impaired during 2013 in Other (income)/deductions––net : | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value(a) | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS) | Amount | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Impairment | |||||||||||||||
Intangible assets––Developed technology rights(b) | $ | 564 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 564 | $ | 394 | ||||||||||
Intangible assets––Indefinite-lived Brands(b) | 1,499 | — | — | 1,499 | 109 | |||||||||||||||
Intangible assets––IPR&D(b) | 218 | — | — | 218 | 227 | |||||||||||||||
Intangible assets––Other | — | — | — | — | 73 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,281 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,281 | $ | 803 | ||||||||||
(a) | The fair value amount is presented as of the date of impairment, as these assets are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. See also Note 1E. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies: Fair Value. |
(b) | Reflects intangible assets written down to their fair value in 2013. Fair value was determined using the income approach, specifically the multi-period excess earnings method, also known as the discounted cash flow method. We started with a forecast of all the expected net cash flows associated with the asset and then we applied an asset-specific discount rate to arrive at a net present value amount. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in this approach include: the amount and timing of the projected net cash flows, which includes the expected impact of competitive, legal and/or regulatory forces on the product and the impact of technological risk associated with IPR&D assets; the discount rate, which seeks to reflect the various risks inherent in the projected cash flows; and the tax rate, which seeks to incorporate the geographic diversity of the projected cash flows. |