Note 8. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments for hedging and non-trading purposes to manage its exposure to changes in interest and currency exchange rates, as well as to maintain an appropriate mix of fixed- and variable-rate debt. Use of derivative financial instruments in hedging programs subjects the Company to certain risks, such as market and credit risks. Market risk represents the possibility that the value of the derivative financial instrument will change. In a hedging relationship, the change in the value of the derivative financial instrument is offset to a great extent by the change in the value of the underlying hedged item. Credit risk related to a derivative financial instrument represents the possibility that the counterparty will not fulfill the terms of the contract. The notional, or contractual, amount of the Company's derivative financial instruments is used to measure interest to be paid or received and does not represent the Company's exposure due to credit risk. Credit risk is monitored through established approval procedures, including setting concentration limits by counterparty, reviewing credit ratings and requiring collateral (generally cash) from the counterparty when appropriate.
The Company only enters into derivative transactions with counterparties rated "A-" or better by nationally recognized credit rating agencies. Subsequent to entering into derivative transactions, the Company regularly monitors the credit ratings of its counterparties. In connection with various derivative agreements, including master netting arrangements, the Company held cash collateral from counterparties of $413 million and $387 million at January 31, 2013 and January 31, 2012, respectively. The Company records cash collateral received as amounts due to the counterparties exclusive of any derivative asset. Furthermore, as part of the master netting arrangements with these counterparties, the Company is also required to post collateral if the Company's net derivative liability position exceeds $150 million with any counterparty. The Company did not have any cash collateral posted with counterparties at January 31, 2013 or January 31, 2012. The Company records cash collateral paid as amounts receivable from the counterparties exclusive of any derivative liability.
The Company uses derivative financial instruments for the purpose of hedging its exposure to interest and currency exchange rate risks and, accordingly, the contractual terms of a hedged instrument closely mirror those of the hedged item, providing a high degree of risk reduction and correlation. Contracts that are effective at meeting the risk reduction and correlation criteria are recorded using hedge accounting. If a derivative financial instrument is recorded using hedge accounting, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the instrument will either be offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities or firm commitments through earnings or be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Any hedge ineffectiveness is immediately recognized in earnings. The Company's net investment and cash flow instruments are highly effective hedges and the ineffective portion has not been, and is not expected to be, significant. Instruments that do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting, or contracts for which the Company has not elected hedge accounting, are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported in earnings during the period of the change.
Fair Value Instruments
The Company is a party to receive fixed-rate, pay variable-rate interest rate swaps that the Company uses to hedge the fair value of fixed-rate debt. The notional amounts are used to measure interest to be paid or received and do not represent the Company's exposure due to credit loss. The Company's interest rate swaps that receive fixed-interest rate payments and pay variable-interest rate payments are designated as fair value hedges. As the specific terms and notional amounts of the derivative instruments match those of the fixed-rate debt being hedged, the derivative instruments are assumed to be perfectly effective hedges. Changes in the fair values of these derivative instruments are recorded in earnings, but are offset by corresponding changes in the fair values of the hedged items and, accordingly, do not impact the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. These fair value instruments will mature on dates ranging from April 2013 to May 2014.
Net Investment Instruments
The Company is a party to cross-currency interest rate swaps that the Company uses to hedge its net investments, as well as its currency exchange rate fluctuation exposure associated with the forecasted payments of principal and interest of non-U.S. denominated debt. The agreements are contracts to exchange fixed-rate payments in one currency for fixed-rate payments in another currency. All changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), offsetting the currency translation adjustment of the related investment that is also recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These instruments will mature on dates ranging from October 2023 to February 2030.
The Company has issued foreign-currency-denominated long-term debt as hedges of net investments of certain of its foreign operations. These foreign-currency-denominated long-term debt issuances are designated and qualify as nonderivative hedging instruments. Accordingly, the foreign currency translation of these debt instruments is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), offsetting the foreign currency translation adjustment of the related net investments that is also recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). At January 31, 2013 and January 31, 2012, the Company had £2.5 billion and £3.0 billion, respectively, of outstanding long-term debt designated as a hedge of its net investment in the United Kingdom, as well as outstanding long-term debt of ¥275 billion at January 31, 2013 and January 31, 2012, that was designated as a hedge of its net investment in Japan. These nonderivative hedging instruments will mature on dates ranging from August 2013 to January 2039.
Cash Flow Instruments
The Company is a party to receive variable-rate, pay fixed-rate interest rate swaps that the Company uses to hedge the interest rate risk of certain non-U.S. denominated debt. The swaps are designated as cash flow hedges of interest expense risk. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to these derivatives are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings as interest payments are made on the Company's variable-rate debt, converting the variable-rate interest expense into fixed-rate interest expense. These cash flow instruments will mature on dates ranging from August 2013 to July 2015.
The Company is also a party to receive fixed-rate, pay fixed-rate cross-currency interest rate swaps to hedge the currency exposure associated with the forecasted payments of principal and interest of certain non-U.S. denominated debt. The swaps are designated as cash flow hedges of the currency risk related to payments on the non-U.S. denominated debt. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The hedged items are recognized foreign currency-denominated liabilities that are remeasured at spot exchange rates each period, and the assessment of effectiveness (and measurement of any ineffectiveness) is based on total changes in the related derivative's cash flows. As a result, the amount reclassified into earnings each period includes an amount that offsets the related transaction gain or loss arising from that remeasurement and the adjustment to earnings for the period's allocable portion of the initial spot-forward difference associated with the hedging instrument. These cash flow instruments will mature on dates ranging from September 2029 to March 2034.
The Company also uses forward starting receive variable-rate, pay fixed-rate interest rate swaps to hedge its exposure to the variability in future cash flows due to changes in the LIBOR swap rate for U.S.-denominated 10- and 30-year debt issuances forecasted to occur in the future. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to these derivatives will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings as interest payments are made on the forecasted hedged fixed-rate debt, adjusting interest expense to reflect the fixed-rate locked in by the forward starting swaps. These cash flow instruments hedge forecasted interest payments over a maximum period of 32 years. These forward starting swaps will be terminated on the day the hedged forecasted debt issuances occur, but no later than October 31, 2014, if the hedged forecasted debt issuances do not occur.
Financial Statement Presentation
Derivative instruments with an unrealized gain are recorded in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as either a current or a non-current asset, based on maturity date, and those hedging instruments with an unrealized loss are recorded as either a current or a non-current liability, based on maturity date.
The Company's derivative instruments, as well as its nonderivative debt instruments designated and qualifying as hedging instruments, were classified as follows in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2013 | | January 31, 2012 |
(Amounts in millions) | Fair Value Instruments | | Net Investment Instruments | | Cash Flow Instruments | | Fair Value Instruments | | Net Investment Instruments | | Cash Flow Instruments |
Derivative instruments | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prepaid expenses and other | $ | 29 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Other assets and deferred charges | 31 |
| | 223 |
| | 327 |
| | 181 |
| | 316 |
| | 91 |
|
Derivative asset subtotals | $ | 60 |
| | $ | 223 |
| | $ | 327 |
| | $ | 183 |
| | $ | 316 |
| | $ | 91 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued liabilities | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 4 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Deferred income taxes and other | — |
| | — |
| | 91 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 110 |
|
Derivative liability subtotals | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 95 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 110 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Nonderivative hedging instruments | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt due within one year | $ | — |
| | $ | 818 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 785 |
| | $ | — |
|
Long-term debt | — |
| | 6,145 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 7,546 |
| | — |
|
Nonderivative hedge liability subtotals | $ | — |
| | $ | 6,963 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 8,331 |
| | $ | — |
|
Gains and losses related to the Company's derivatives primarily relate to interest rate hedges, which are included in interest, net, in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income for the fiscal years ending January 31, 2013 and 2012, as well as the amounts expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income during the next 12 months, are not significant.
