<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- Created by Charles Hoffman, CPA, 2007-01-01 -->
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" 
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
          xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" 
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">

  </presentationLink>
</linkbase>
