Entity information:
11.
Income taxes
 
The reconciliation of the combined Canadian federal and provincial statutory income tax rate of
27%
(
2016
-
27%
) to the effective tax rate is as follows:
 
    For the year ended
December 31, 2017
    For the year ended
December 31, 2016
 
Loss before income taxes   $
(8,065,072
)   $
(5,740,492
)
Expected income tax expense (recovery)    
(2,177,570
)    
(1,549,930
)
Difference in foreign tax rates    
(297,460
)    
(162,210
)
Tax rate changes and other adjustments    
808,260
     
(43,960
)
Stock based compensation and non-deductible expenses    
236,350
     
398,930
 
Change in valuation allowance    
1,430,420
     
1,357,170
 
Total income tax expense   $
-
    $
-
 
 
The following table summarizes the components of deferred tax:
 
Deferred Tax Assets   2017     2016  
Property, plant and equipment   $
157,920
    $
-
 
Intangible assets    
90
     
104,340
 
Intangible assets transferred on amalgamation    
-
     
14,980
 
Share issuance costs    
89,970
     
23,120
 
Reserves    
14,030
     
7,760
 
Non-capital losses carried forward - Canada    
1,762,250
     
973,670
 
Net operating losses carried forward - US    
1,289,100
     
887,890
 
Investment Tax Credits    
87,200
     
42,200
 
Total deferred tax assets   $
3,400,560
    $
2,053,960
 
                 
Deferred Tax Liabilities                
Property and equipment    
(57,370
)    
(59,680
)
Intangible assets    
-
     
(520
)
Total deferred tax liabilities   $
(57,370
)   $
(60,200
)
                 
Valuation allowance   $
3,343,190
    $
1,993,760
 
Net deferred tax asset   $
-
    $
-
 
 
No
deferred tax asset has been recognized, as it is
not
more likely than
not
to be realized. Consequently, a valuation allowance has been applied against the net deferred tax asset. The Canadian non-capital loss carry forwards expire as noted in the table below.
 
2035    
465,790
 
2036    
1,945,020
 
2037    
4,116,040
 
    $
6,526,850
 
 
The Company’s US non-operating income tax losses expire as follows:
 
2035    
856,300
 
2036    
1,484,640
 
2037    
2,667,240
 
    $
5,008,180