11. | Income taxes |
| For the year ended December 31, 2017 | For the year ended December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | (8,065,072 | ) | $ | (5,740,492 | ) | ||
| Expected income tax expense (recovery) | (2,177,570 | ) | (1,549,930 | ) | ||||
| Difference in foreign tax rates | (297,460 | ) | (162,210 | ) | ||||
| Tax rate changes and other adjustments | 808,260 | (43,960 | ) | |||||
| Stock based compensation and non-deductible expenses | 236,350 | 398,930 | ||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | 1,430,420 | 1,357,170 | ||||||
| Total income tax expense | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Deferred Tax Assets | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | $ | 157,920 | $ | - | ||||
| Intangible assets | 90 | 104,340 | ||||||
| Intangible assets transferred on amalgamation | - | 14,980 | ||||||
| Share issuance costs | 89,970 | 23,120 | ||||||
| Reserves | 14,030 | 7,760 | ||||||
| Non-capital losses carried forward - Canada | 1,762,250 | 973,670 | ||||||
| Net operating losses carried forward - US | 1,289,100 | 887,890 | ||||||
| Investment Tax Credits | 87,200 | 42,200 | ||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | $ | 3,400,560 | $ | 2,053,960 | ||||
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | ||||||||
| Property and equipment | (57,370 | ) | (59,680 | ) | ||||
| Intangible assets | - | (520 | ) | |||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | (57,370 | ) | $ | (60,200 | ) | ||
| Valuation allowance | $ | 3,343,190 | $ | 1,993,760 | ||||
| Net deferred tax asset | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| 2035 | 465,790 | |||
| 2036 | 1,945,020 | |||
| 2037 | 4,116,040 | |||
| $ | 6,526,850 |
| 2035 | 856,300 | |||
| 2036 | 1,484,640 | |||
| 2037 | 2,667,240 | |||
| $ | 5,008,180 |