Entity information:
Note
6
– Income Taxes
 
Income taxes are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets are established for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The effects of income taxes are measured based on enacted tax laws and rates.
 
The provision/(benefit) for income taxes from continuing operations consists of the following
(in
$’000
):
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
201
7
   
201
6
 
Current:
               
Federal
  $
-
    $
-
 
State
   
19
     
12
 
Deferred:
               
Federal
   
6,290
 
   
(217
)
State
   
(4
)
   
1
 
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes before valuation allowance
  $
6,305
    $
(204
)
Change in valuation allowance
   
(6,296
)    
223
 
Total provision for income taxes
  $
9
    $
19
 
 
The significant components of
our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in
$’000
):
 
   
December 31,
 
   
201
7
   
201
6
 
Deferred tax assets
:
               
Accrued expense
s
  $
65
    $
69
 
Net operating loss carryove
r
   
8,792
     
13,387
 
Goodwill and other intangible
s
   
1,665
     
3,254
 
Deferred compensatio
n
   
135
     
247
 
Depreciatio
n
   
39
     
55
 
Other carryovers and credit
s
   
12
     
10
 
Total deferred tax asset
s
   
10,708
     
17,022
 
                 
Deferred tax liabilities
:
               
Prepaid expense
s
  $
(
20
)   $
(
38
)
Depreciatio
n
   
-
     
-
 
Total deferred tax liabilitie
s
   
(
20
)    
(
38
)
                 
Valuation allowanc
e
   
(
10,688
)    
(
16,984
)
Net deferred tax asset (liability
)
  $
-
    $
-
 
 
At
December 31,
201
7
and
2016,
we had net operating losses (“NOL”) totaling
$37.7
million and
$36.9
million, respectively, to be carried forward
20
years to offset future taxable income and any unused NOL will begin to expire in
2027.
 
We do
not
believe our NOL will be limited under Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section
382
and believe it will also be available for state income tax purposes subject to state carryforward limitations.  IRC Section
382
limits the utilization of net operating loss in years subsequent to an owner shift based upon the value of the Company at the date of the owner shift.  We have
not
undertaken a detailed study in connection with IRC Section
382
in order to determine if there is any limitation of the utilization of our NOL carryforward.  If IRC Section
382
limitation were deemed to apply, our gross deferred tax asset and its corresponding valuation allowance could be reduced. The
2017
Tax cuts and Jobs Act revised the use of net operating loss carryforwards and limits them to
80%
of taxable income each year, but removed the limitation on years carried forward.
 
Our
provision for income taxes reflects the establishment of a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets as of
December
31,2017
and
2016.
Accounting Standards Codification Topic
740
Income Taxes
requires management to evaluate its deferred tax assets on a regular basis to reduce them to an amount that is realizable on a more likely than
not
basis. In determining our provision/(benefit) for income taxes, net deferred tax assets, liabilities and valuation allowances, we are required to make judgments and estimates related to projections of profitability, the timing and extent of the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and applicable tax rates. Judgments and estimates related to our projections and assumptions are inherently uncertain; therefore, actual results could differ materially from the projections.
 
We have
adopted the provisions of the guidance related to accounting for uncertainties in income taxes. We have analyzed our current tax reporting compliance positions for all open years and have determined that it does
not
have any material unrecognized tax benefits. Accordingly, we have omitted the tabular reconciliation schedule of unrecognized tax benefits. We do
not
expect a material change in unrecognized tax benefits over the next
12
months. All of our prior federal and state tax filings from the
2014
tax year forward remain open under statutes of limitation. Operating losses generated in years prior to
2014
remain open to adjustment until the statute closes for the tax year in which the net operating losses are utilized.
 
The
Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes attributable to continuing operations differs from the expected tax benefit amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of
34%
to income (loss) before taxes for the years ended
December 31, 2017
and
2016,
primarily as a result of the following::
 
   
Year Ended December 31
,
 
   
201
7
   
201
6
 
                 
Federal statutory rat
e
   
34
%
   
34
%
State tax, net of income tax benefi
t
   
4
%
   
1.9
%
Effect of permanent difference
s
   
11
%
   
(11.7
)%
Change in valuation allowanc
e
   
(48.0
)%
   
(26.2
)%
Tota
l
   
1
%
   
(2.0
)%
 
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on
December 22, 2017.
The Act reduces the US federal corporate tax rate from
35%
to
21%.
We remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally
21%.
The remeasurement of our deferred tax balance was fully offset by the application of our valuation allowance. The accounting for the effects of the rate change on deferred tax balances is expected to be complete, and consequently
no
provisional amounts were recorded for this item.