Entity information:
INCOME TAXES

The components of the income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(In Thousands)
Current income tax provision:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
4,641

 
$
5,215

 
$
2,865

State
215

 
153

 
5

Total current income tax provision
4,856

 
5,368

 
2,870

 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit):
 

 
 

 
 

Federal
3,513

 
(444
)
 
(766
)
Total deferred income tax provision (benefit)
3,513

 
(444
)
 
(766
)
Total income tax provision
$
8,369

 
$
4,924

 
$
2,104


 
A reconciliation of the anticipated income tax provision, based on the statutory tax rate of 34.0%, to the income tax provision as reported in the consolidated statements of income is as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Income tax provision at statutory tax rate
$
4,628

 
$
5,519

 
$
2,194

Increase (decrease) resulting from:
 

 
 

 
 

Bank-owned life insurance
(209
)
 
(194
)
 
(210
)
Tax-exempt income
(326
)
 
(195
)
 
(52
)
Compensation and employee benefit plans
175

 
164

 
183

Nondeductible expenses
10

 
9

 
9

Expired capital loss carryforward

 

 
278

Tax credit
(56
)
 
(56
)
 
(56
)
Change in valuation allowance

 

 
(300
)
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit
142

 
101

 
3

Effect of income tax rate change
3,969

 

 

Other
36

 
(424
)
 
55

Total income tax provision
$
8,369

 
$
4,924

 
$
2,104

 
 
 
 
 
 
Effective tax rate
61.5
%
 
30.3
%
 
32.6
%


The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant components of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(In Thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
$
2,694

 
$
4,213

Unrealized losses on available for sale securities
452

 
598

Depreciation of premises and equipment
1,912

 
2,850

Deferred compensation
3,265

 
5,156

Employee benefit plans
305

 
466

Capital loss carry-forward

 
8

Interest receivable on nonaccrual loans
18

 
89

Deferred other real estate owned write-downs
59

 
32

Acquisition fair value adjustments
191

 
484

Other
250

 
306

Total deferred tax assets
9,146

 
14,202

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 

 
 

Unrealized gains on available for sale securities
70

 
247

Goodwill and other intangibles
1,551

 
2,632

Deferred loan costs
896

 
1,350

Mortgage servicing asset
215

 
309

Merger expenses and purchase adjustments
2

 
6

Total deferred tax liabilities
2,734

 
4,544

Deferred tax asset, net
$
6,412

 
$
9,658



Retained earnings at December 31, 2017 and 2016 included a contingency reserve for loan losses of $4.7 million, which represents the tax reserve balance existing at December 31, 1987, and is maintained in accordance with provisions of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to savings banks.  Amounts transferred to the reserve have been claimed as deductions from taxable income, and, if the reserve is used for purposes other than to absorb losses on loans, a federal income tax liability could be incurred.  It is not anticipated the Company will incur a federal income tax liability relating to this reserve balance, and accordingly, deferred income taxes of approximately $987,000 at December 31, 2017 and $1.6 million at December 31, 2016 have not been recognized.

Financial service companies doing business in Connecticut are permitted to establish a “passive investment company” (“PIC”) to hold and manage loans secured by real property.  PICs are exempt from Connecticut corporation business tax, and dividends received by the financial services companies from PICs are not taxable.  In January 1999, the Bank established a PIC, as a wholly-owned subsidiary, and in June 2000, transferred a portion of its residential and commercial mortgage loan portfolios from the Bank to the PIC.  A substantial portion of the Company’s interest income is now derived from the PIC, an entity whose net income is exempt from State of Connecticut taxes, and accordingly, state income taxes are minimal.  The Bank’s ability to continue to realize the tax benefits of the PIC is subject to the PIC continuing to comply with all statutory requirements related to the operations of the PIC. Accordingly, no Connecticut-related deferred tax assets or liabilities have been recorded.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are expected to be deductible, management believes its deferred tax asset is more likely than not realizable.

With limited exception, the Company is no longer subject to United States federal, state and local income tax examinations by the tax authorities for the years prior to 2014.