Entity information:
Note
6
- Income Taxes
 
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
On
December 22, 2017,
the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("U.S. Tax Reform") was enacted by the U.S. federal government. The legislation significantly changed U.S. income tax law, by among
other things, lowering the federal corporate income tax rate from
35%
to
21%,
effective
January 1, 2018,
implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a
one
-time toll charge on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. In addition, there are many new provisions, including changes to expensing of qualified tangible property, the deductions for executive compensation and interest expense, a global intangible low-tax income provision, the base erosion anti-abuse tax, and a deduction for foreign-derived intangible income. The Company's consolidated financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2017
were impacted by the corporate income tax rate reduction going from
35%
to
21%.
This rate reduction required the revaluation of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the U.S. Tax Reform enactment date. The revaluation reflects an assumption that the new federal corporate income tax rate will remain in place for the years in which temporary differences are expected to reverse. The Company estimates that the reduction in the federal tax rate applicable to deferred tax balances will reduce the net deferred tax asset balance, before valuation allowance, by approximately
$160.0
million, with a corresponding reduction in the recorded valuation allowance by approximately
$162.3
million. As a result of the change in the federal income tax rate, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of approximately
$2.3
million during the
fourth
quarter of
2017
.
 
On
December 22, 2017,
the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin
No.
118
("SAB
118"
). SAB
118
provides the registrant with up to a
one
year period to finalize the accounting for the
impacts of U.S. Tax Reform. During the
one
year period in which the initial accounting for U.S. Tax Reform impacts is incomplete, a registrant
may
include a provisional amount when reasonable estimates can be made or continue to apply the prior tax law if a reasonable estimate cannot be made. As discussed above, the Company has estimated the provisional tax impacts related to the corporate income tax rate reduction and the impact on its deferred tax assets and liabilities, after corresponding adjustments to the reported valuation allowance. The deferred tax assets and liabilities table below includes the adjustments from the revaluation of deferred tax balances to reflect the rate reduction for the year ended
December 31, 2017.
Before U.S. Tax Reform adjustments, the ending net deferred tax liability would have been
$6.2
million compared to the reflected ending net deferred tax liability of
$3.9
million as of
December 31, 2017.
The ultimate impact of remeasuring the deferred tax assets and liabilities
may
differ from the provisional amounts due to gathering additional information to more precisely compute the amount of tax, changes in interpretations and assumptions, additional regulatory guidance that
may
be issued, and actions the Company
may
take. The Company expects to finalize accounting for the impacts of U.S. Tax Reform when the
2017
U.S. corporate income tax return is filed in
2018.
 
   
Successo
r
   
Predecesso
r
 
   
Year Ended
December
31
,
   
On January 1
,
   
Years Ended December 31
,
 
   
201
7
   
201
7
   
201
6
   
201
5
 
Current provision
:
                               
Federa
l
  $
(8,475
)
  $
    $
2,047
    $
(23,784
)
Stat
e
   
(162
)
   
     
(1,588
)
   
(2,265
)
Foreig
n
   
121
     
     
64
     
100
 
Total current provisio
n
   
(8,516
)
   
     
523
     
(25,949
)
Deferred (benefit) provision
:
                               
Federa
l
   
(28,950
)
   
(4,613
)
   
(122,302
)
   
(248,279
)
Stat
e
   
(2,294
)
   
     
(8,864
)
   
(20,553
)
Foreig
n
   
     
     
1,633
     
(4,312
)
Total deferred provisio
n
   
(31,244
)
   
(4,613
)
   
(129,533
)
   
(273,144
)
Provision for income taxe
s
  $
(39,760
)
  $
(4,613
)
  $
(129,010
)
  $
(299,093
)
 
The following table reconciles the statutory tax rates to the Company
’s effective tax rate:
 
   
Successor
   
Predecessor
 
   
Years
Ended December 31,
 
   
2017
   
2016
   
2015
 
Federal statutory rate
   
35.0
 %
   
35.0
 %
   
35.0
 %
State taxes, net of federal benefit
   
8.0
 %
   
0.3
 %
   
1.4
 %
Domestic production activities deduction
   
 %
   
 %
   
(0.2
)%
Effect of foreign losses
   
9.8
 %
   
(2.0
)%
   
(0.3
)%
Impairment
   
 %
   
(8.8
)%
   
(9.8
)%
Changes in uncertain tax positions    
37.7
 %    
(0.6
)%    
 %
Effects of the plan of reorganization    
1,114.9
 %    
(1.3
)%    
 %
Valuation allowance
   
(959.3
)%
   
(10.9
)%
   
 %
Other
   
16.3
%
   
0.3
 %
   
(0.6
)%
Effective income tax rate
   
229.8
 %
   
12.0
 %
   
25.5
 %
 
The Company
’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
   
Successor
   
Predecessor
 
   
As of December
31,
 
   
2017
   
2016
 
Deferred tax assets:
               
Accrued liabilities
  $
2,100
    $
25,470
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
1,791
     
2,630
 
Stock-based compensation
   
2,570
     
11,530
 
Inventory reserve
   
1,883
     
9,131
 
Net operating losses
   
276,239
     
231,360
 
163j interest limitation
   
41,342
     
58,426
 
Amortization of goodwill and intangible assets
   
4,101
     
4,526
 
Other
   
4,379
     
3,774
 
Total deferred tax assets
   
334,405
     
346,847
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Prepaid Assets
   
(4,438
)
   
(2,123
)
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment
   
(37,784
)
   
(179,428
)
Other
   
(643
)
   
(3,873
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
   
(42,865
)
   
(185,424
)
Valuation allowances
   
(295,457
)
   
(171,016
)
Net deferred tax liability
  $
(3,917
)
  $
(9,593
)
 
The Company has approximately
$1.1
billion of U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards (“
NOLs”) which, if
not
utilized, will begin to expire in the year
2035
and state NOLs of approximately
$602.4
million which, if
not
utilized, will expire in various years between
2020
and
2037.
Additionally, the Company has approximately
$19.9
million of NOLs in other jurisdictions which, if
not
utilized, will expire in various years between
2020
and
2037.
As of
December 31, 2017,
the Company has recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately
$276.2
million relating to NOLs, and an offsetting valuation allowance has been provided for these NOLs due to uncertainty regarding the ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets associated with the NOL carryforwards prior to expiration. Additionally, the Company has foreign operating loss carryforwards of approximately
$908.6
million for which the realization of a tax benefit is considered remote. Due to the remote likelihood of utilizing these NOLs, neither the deferred tax asset nor the offsetting valuation allowance has been recorded, and neither is presented in the table above.
 
The Company's ability to utilize its U.S. NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income and to reduce U.S. federal
income tax liability is subject to certain requirements and restrictions. In general, under Section
382
of the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change NOLs to offset future taxable income. An ownership change generally occurs if
one
or more shareholders (or groups of shareholders) who are each deemed to own at least
5%
of the Company's stock have aggregate increases in their ownership of
such stock of more than
50
percentage points over such stockholders’ lowest ownership percentage during the testing period (generally a rolling
three
year period). The Company believes it experienced an ownership change in
January 2017
as a result of the implementation of the Restructuring Plan and a subsequent ownership change also occurred on or about
June 30, 2017.
As a result, the Company's pre-change NOLs are subject to limitation under Section
382
of the Code. Such limitation
may
cause U.S. federal income taxes to be paid earlier than otherwise would be paid if such limitation were
not
in effect. The Company does
not
believe either ownership change created a restriction, which, by itself, could cause its pre-change NOLs to expire unused. As of
December 31, 2017,
management’s assessment that a full valuation allowance is appropriate due to uncertainty about ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets was determined before consideration of a Section
382
limitation. Similar rules and limitations
may
apply for state income tax purposes. The Company remains subject to ongoing testing for future ownership changes based on shareholder ownership that
may
create a more restrictive Section
382
limitation on the NOLs in subsequent reporting periods
.
 
The Company
’s U.S. federal income tax returns for the tax years
2014
through
2016
remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service under the applicable U.S. federal statute of limitations provisions. The various states in which the Company is subject to income tax are generally open to examination for the tax years after
2013.
 
A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefit balances is as follows (in thousands):
 
   
Successor
   
Predecessor
 
   
Years
Ended December 31,
 
   
2017
   
2016
 
Balance at beginning of year
  $
6,525
    $
 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
   
     
6,525
 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
   
(6,525
)
   
 
Balance at end of year
  $
    $
6,525
 
 
As of
December 31, 2017,
the Company had
no
balances related to unrecognized tax benefits and associated interest and penalties
.
 
The Company classifies interest and penalties within the provision for income taxes. The Company had
no
interest and penalties in the provision for income taxes for each of the years ended
December 31, 2017,
2016
and
2015
.