3.10 Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are measured initially at cost and subsequently carried at their cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.
Intangible assets, except for goodwill and membership rights, are amortized using the straight-line method or double declining balance method with no residual value over their estimated useful economic life since the asset is available for use.
|
Intangible assets |
Amortization method |
Estimated useful life | ||
|
Industrial property rights |
Straight-line | 3~10 years | ||
|
Software |
Straight-line | 3~5 years | ||
|
Finance leased assets |
Straight-line | 8 months ~ 5 years and 8 months | ||
|
VOBA |
Declining-Balance | 60 years | ||
|
Others |
Straight-line | 2~30 years |
The amortization period and the amortization method for intangible assets with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at each financial year end. Where an intangible asset is not being amortized because its useful life is considered to be indefinite, the Group carries out a review in each accounting period to confirm whether or not events and circumstances still support the assumption of an indefinite useful life. If they do not, the change from the indefinite to finite useful life is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.
3.10.1 Value of Business Acquired (VOBA)
The Group recorded Value of business acquired (VOBA) as intangible assets, which are the differences between the fair value of insurance liabilities and book value calculated based on the accounting policy of the acquired company. VOBA is an estimated present value of future cash flow of long-term insurance contracts at the acquisition date. VOBA is amortized for above estimated useful life using declining balance method, the depreciation is recognized as insurance expense.
3.10.2 Goodwill
Recognition and measurement
Goodwill acquired from business combinations before January 1, 2010, is stated at its carrying amount which was recognized under the Group’s previous accounting policy, prior to the transition to IFRS.
Goodwill acquired from business combinations after January 1, 2010, is initially measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred, fair value of non-controlling interest and the acquisition-date fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If this consideration is lower than the fair value of the net assets of the business acquired, the difference is recognized in profit or loss.
For each business combination, the Group decides whether the non-controlling interest in the acquiree is initially measured at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at the acquisition date.
Acquisition-related costs incurred to effect a business combination are charged to expenses in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received, except for the costs to issue debt or equity securities.
Additional acquisitions of non-controlling interest
Additional acquisitions of non-controlling interests are accounted for as equity transactions. Therefore, no additional goodwill is recognized.
Subsequent measurement
Goodwill is not amortized and is stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses. However, goodwill that forms part of the carrying amount of an investment in associates is not separately recognized and an impairment loss recognized is not allocated to any asset, including goodwill, which forms part of the carrying amount of the investment in the associates.
3.10.3 Subsequent expenditure
Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it enhances values of the assets. Internally generated intangible assets, such as goodwill and trade name, are not recognized as assets but expensed as incurred.