Foreign currency
1.Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currency of the Group entities at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated to the respective functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date.
The foreign currency gain or loss on monetary items is the difference between amortized cost in the functional currency at the beginning of the year, adjusted for effective interest and payments during the year, and the amortized cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the end of the year.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency differences arising on translation are recognized in the statement of operations.
2.Foreign operations
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill are translated to USD at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to USD at the average exchange rate for the period.
Foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income, and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve (hereinafter - the translation reserve) in equity. When a foreign operation is disposed of such that control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is transferred to the statement of operations as part of the gain or loss on disposal.
Generally, foreign currency differences from a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation, including foreign operations that are subsidiaries, are recognized in profit or loss in the consolidated financial statements.
Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from a monetary item receivable from or payable to foreign operations, the settlement of which is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, are considered to be as part of a net investment in a foreign operation and are recognized in other comprehensive income, and are presented in the translation reserve in equity.