(e)Foreign Currency Translation
Functional and Presentation Currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“functional currency”). The presentation and functional currency of the Group’s consolidated financial statements is the Mexican peso, which is used for compliance with its legal and tax obligations.
Transactions and Balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or measurement where items are remeasured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the income statement as part of finance income or expense, except when deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges.
Changes in the fair value of monetary securities denominated in foreign currency classified as available for sale are analyzed between exchange differences resulting from changes in the amortized cost of the security and other changes in the carrying amount of the security. Translation differences related to changes in amortized cost are recognized in income or loss, and other changes in carrying amount are recognized in other comprehensive income or loss.
Translation of Foreign Operations
The financial statements of the Group’s foreign entities that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: (a) assets and liabilities are translated at the closing rate at the date of the statement of financial position; (b) income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions); and (c) all resulting translation differences are recognized in other comprehensive income or loss.
Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the closing rate. Translation differences arising are recognized in other comprehensive income or loss.
Assets and liabilities of non-Mexican subsidiaries that use the Mexican Peso as a functional currency are translated into Mexican Pesos by utilizing the exchange rate of the statement of financial position date for monetary assets and liabilities, and historical exchange rates for non-monetary items, with the related adjustment included in the consolidated statement of income as finance income or expense.
The Group has designated as an effective hedge of foreign exchange exposure, a portion of the outstanding principal amount of its U.S. dollar denominated long-term debt in connection with its net investment in shares of common stock of UHI, which amounted to U.S.$413.3 million (Ps.8,144,843) and U.S.$350.7 million (Ps.7,236,587) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Consequently, any foreign exchange gain or loss attributable to this designated hedging long-term debt is credited or charged directly to other comprehensive income or loss as a cumulative result from foreign currency translation (see Note 10).
The Group has designated a portion of its U.S. dollar denominated long-term debt as a fair value hedge of foreign exchange exposure related to its investment in UHI Warrants and the initial investment in Open Ended Fund. A portion of the outstanding principal amount of its U.S. dollar denominated long-term debt (hedging instrument, disclosed in the line “Long-term debt, net of current portion” of the consolidated statement of financial position) is hedging its investment in Warrants exercisable for common stock of UHI and the initial investment in Open Ended Fund (hedged items), which amounted to Ps.36,395,183 (U.S.$1,847.0 million) and Ps.3,546,918 (U.S.$180.0 million) and Ps.38,298,606 (U.S.$1,855.9 million) and Ps.3,817,586 (U.S.$180.0 million) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The other changes in fair value of the Warrants are recognized in other comprehensive income or loss. Consequently, any foreign currency gain or loss attributable to these designated hedged Warrants is recognized within foreign exchange gain or loss in the consolidated statement of income, along with the recognition in the same line item of any foreign exchange gain or loss of the designated hedging instrument long-term debt (see Notes 9, 13 and 17).