12 Inventories
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (€ million) |
Crude oil, gas and petroleum products |
Chemical products |
Other | Total |
Crude oil, gas and petroleum products |
Chemical products |
Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Raw and auxiliary materials and consumables | 785 | 140 | 1,640 | 2,565 | 550 | 135 | 1,903 | 2,588 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Products being processed and semi-finished products | 133 | 7 | 140 | 99 | 9 | 1 | 109 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Work in progress | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finished products and goods | 1,287 | 489 | 83 | 1,859 | 1,394 | 389 | 86 | 1,869 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates and emission rights | 56 | 56 | 69 | 69 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2,205 | 636 | 1,780 | 4,621 | 2,043 | 533 | 2,061 | 4,637 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other inventories of raw and auxiliary materials and consumables of €1,640 million (€1,903 million at December 31, 2016) related to the Exploration & Production segment for €1,441 million (€1,699 million at December 31, 2016) and primarily comprised materials relating to perforation activities and the maintenance of infrastructures and facilities.
Certificates and emission rights of €56 million (€69 million at December 31, 2016) are measured at the fair value determined based on market quotations. The fair value hierarchy is level 1.
Inventories of €86 million (€82 million at December 31, 2016) were pledged to guarantee the estimated imbalance in volumes input to/off-taken from the national gas network operated by Snam Rete Gas SpA.
Changes in inventories and in the loss provision were as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (€ million) |
Gross carrying amount |
Loss provision |
Net carrying amount |
Gross carrying amount |
Loss provision |
Net carrying amount | ||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying amount at the beginning of the year | 4,892 | (255 | ) | 4,637 | 4,887 | (308 | ) | 4,579 | ||||||||||||||||
| Changes | 314 | 314 | (29 | ) | (29 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| New or increased provisions | (81 | ) | (81 | ) | (125 | ) | (125 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Deductions | 18 | 18 | 163 | 163 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation differences | (254 | ) | 22 | (232 | ) | 61 | (5 | ) | 56 | |||||||||||||||
| Other changes | (86 | ) | 51 | (35 | ) | (27 | ) | 20 | (7 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Carrying amount at the end of the year | 4,866 | (245 | ) | 4,621 | 4,892 | (255 | ) | 4,637 | ||||||||||||||||
Changes of the period amounting to €314 million related to the business lines Refining & Marketing for €192 million and Chemical for €129 million. Loss provision of €245 million related to the Exploration & Production segment for €191 million.