| a) | Basis of consolidation |
i. Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control is lost (see note 5).
Profits and losses of subsidiaries acquired or sold during the year are included in the consolidated statements of profit and loss and other comprehensive income from the acquisition date to the disposal date.
Where necessary, subsidiaries’ financial statements are adjusted to align their accounting policies with the Company’s consolidated accounting policies.
ii. Transactions eliminated in consolidation
Significant intercompany balances and transactions, and any unrealized gains and losses arising from transactions between consolidated companies have been eliminated in preparing these consolidated financial statements.
iii. Business combinations
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. For each business combination, any non-controlling interest in the acquiree is valued either at fair value or according to the proportionate interest in the acquiree’s identifiable net assets.
In a business combination, the Company evaluates the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed for proper classification and designation according to the contractual terms, economic circumstances and relevant conditions at the acquisition date.
Goodwill is originally valued at cost, and represents any excess of the transferred consideration over the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the net amount of identifiable acquired assets and assumed liabilities as of the acquisition date exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity and the fair value of the prior shareholding of the acquirer in the acquired entity (if any), any excess is immediately recognized in the consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income as a bargain purchase gain.
Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs related to a business combination are expensed as incurred.
Certain contingent consideration payable is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. If the contingent consideration is classified as equity, then it is not re-measured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognized in profit and loss.
