| 26. | Employee benefits |
| (a) | Defined benefit plan assets and liabilities |
Defined benefit plan assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 are as follows:
| 2016 | 2017 | |||||||
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Present value of defined benefit obligations |
1,689,980 | 1,695,191 | ||||||
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Fair value of plan assets |
(1,559,101 | ) | (1,688,047 | ) | ||||
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Recognized liabilities for defined benefit obligations |
130,879 | 7,144 | ||||||
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| (b) | Changes in the present value of defined benefit obligation and plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 were as follows: |
| 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Defined benefit obligation |
Plan assets | Net defined benefit liability |
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Beginning balance |
1,567,898 | (1,341,768 | ) | 226,130 | ||||||||
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Included in profit or loss: |
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Current service cost |
179,811 | — | 179,811 | |||||||||
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Past service cost |
— | — | — | |||||||||
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Interest expense (income) |
50,892 | (44,773 | ) | 6,119 | ||||||||
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| 230,703 | (44,773 | ) | 185,930 | |||||||||
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Included in other comprehensive income: |
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Remeasurement loss (gain): |
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- Actuarial gains (losses) arising from : |
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Demographic assumptions |
2,344 | — | 2,344 | |||||||||
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Financial assumptions |
(297 | ) | — | (297 | ) | |||||||
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Experience adjustment |
(41,538 | ) | — | (41,538 | ) | |||||||
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- Return on plan assets excluding interest income |
— | 19,448 | 19,448 | |||||||||
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| (39,491 | ) | 19,448 | (20,043 | ) | ||||||||
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Other: |
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Benefits paid by the plan |
(69,439 | ) | 62,405 | (7,034 | ) | |||||||
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Contributions paid into the plan |
— | (254,413 | ) | (254,413 | ) | |||||||
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Change in subsidiaries |
250 | — | 250 | |||||||||
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Effect of movements in exchange rates |
59 | — | 59 | |||||||||
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| (69,130 | ) | (192,008 | ) | (261,138 | ) | |||||||
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Ending balance |
1,689,980 | (1,559,101 | ) | 130,879 | ||||||||
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Profit or loss arising from defined benefit plans is included in general and administrative expenses.
| 2017 | ||||||||||||
| Defined benefit obligation |
Plan assets | Net defined benefit liability |
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Beginning balance |
1,689,980 | (1,559,101 | ) | 130,879 | ||||||||
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Included in profit or loss: |
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Current service cost |
172,152 | — | 172,152 | |||||||||
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Past service cost |
2,810 | — | 2,810 | |||||||||
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Interest expense (income) |
54,485 | (52,136 | ) | 2,349 | ||||||||
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| 229,447 | (52,136 | ) | 177,311 | |||||||||
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Included in other comprehensive income: |
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Remeasurement loss (gain): |
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- Actuarial gains (losses) arising from : |
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Demographic assumptions |
4,471 | — | 4,471 | |||||||||
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Financial assumptions |
(96,957 | ) | — | (96,957 | ) | |||||||
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Experience adjustment |
(56,709 | ) | — | (56,709 | ) | |||||||
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- Return on plan assets excluding interest income |
— | 27,460 | 27,460 | |||||||||
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| (149,195 | ) | 27,460 | (121,735 | ) | ||||||||
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Other: |
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Benefits paid by the plan |
(74,841 | ) | 69,857 | (4,984 | ) | |||||||
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Contributions paid into the plan |
— | (174,127 | ) | (174,127 | ) | |||||||
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Effect of movements in exchange rates |
(200 | ) | — | (200 | ) | |||||||
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| (75,041 | ) | (104,270 | ) | (179,311 | ) | |||||||
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Ending balance |
1,695,191 | (1,688,047 | ) | 7,144 | ||||||||
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Profit or loss arising from defined benefit plans is included in general and administrative expenses.
| (c) | The composition of plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 are as follows: |
| 2016 | 2017 | |||||||
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Plan assets comprise: |
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Equity securities |
126,348 | 231,620 | ||||||
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Debt securities |
32,838 | 43,990 | ||||||
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Due from banks |
1,363,942 | 1,380,656 | ||||||
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Other |
35,973 | 31,781 | ||||||
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| 1,559,101 | 1,688,047 | |||||||
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| (d) | Actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 are as follows: |
| 2016 | 2017 |
Description | ||||
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Discount rate |
2.78%~3.40% | 2.44%~4.07% | AA0 corporate bond yields | |||
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Future salary increase rate |
2.50%~5.38% + Upgrade rate |
0.99%~5.61% + Upgrade rate |
Average for 5 years | |||
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Weighted average maturity |
7.25 years ~ 13.16 years |
7.25 years ~ 9.33 years |
| (e) | Sensitivity analysis |
As of December 31, 2017, reasonably possible changes in one of the relevant actuarial assumptions, holding other assumptions constant, would have affected the defined benefit obligation by the amounts shown below.
| Defined benefit obligation | ||||||||
| Increase | Decrease | |||||||
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Discount rate (1%p movement) |
(147,071 | ) | 164,735 | |||||
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Future salary increase rate (1%p movement) |
164,977 | (149,641 | ) | |||||