The movement in the net defined benefit liability is as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| £m | £m | £m | ||||||||||
|
At 1 January |
(2,084 | ) | (1,584 | ) | (1,689 | ) | ||||||
|
Exchange adjustments |
40 | (218 | ) | (11 | ) | |||||||
|
Additions through business combinations |
— | — | (164 | ) | ||||||||
|
Service cost |
(280 | ) | (246 | ) | (254 | ) | ||||||
|
Past service cost |
(37 | ) | (54 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||
|
Interest cost |
(54 | ) | (56 | ) | (49 | ) | ||||||
|
Settlements and curtailments |
— | 28 | 8 | |||||||||
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Remeasurements: |
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Return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in interest |
899 | 2,195 | (526 | ) | ||||||||
|
Gain from change in demographic assumptions |
209 | 85 | 120 | |||||||||
|
(Loss)/gain from change in financial assumptions |
(555 | ) | (2,770 | ) | 362 | |||||||
|
Experience (losses)/gains |
(68 | ) | 74 | 243 | ||||||||
|
Employer contributions |
444 | 481 | 408 | |||||||||
|
Expenses/other movements |
(19 | ) | (19 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||
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At 31 December |
(1,505 | ) | (2,084 | ) | (1,584 | ) | ||||||
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