3. Staff costs and Directors’ emoluments
| 2017 $m |
2016 $m |
2015 $m |
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Staffa |
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Costs: |
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Wages and salaries |
583 | 537 | 562 | |||||||||
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Social security costs |
33 | 29 | 33 | |||||||||
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Pension and other post-retirement benefits: |
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Defined benefit plans (note 25) |
5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||
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Defined contribution plans |
24 | 23 | 28 | |||||||||
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| 645 | 594 | 628 | ||||||||||
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| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
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Average number of employees, including part-time employees: |
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Americas |
2,149 | 2,121 | 2,082 | |||||||||
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Europe |
813 | 782 | 1,041 | |||||||||
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AMEA |
1,454 | 1,598 | 1,658 | |||||||||
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Greater China |
294 | 299 | 865 | |||||||||
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Central |
1,948 | 1,787 | 1,665 | |||||||||
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|
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| 6,658 | 6,587 | 7,311 | ||||||||||
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| a | Includes $13m (2016: $1m, 2015: $3m) classified as exceptional. |
The costs of the above employees are borne by IHG. Of these, 91% were employed on a full-time basis and 9% were employed on a part-time basis.
In addition to the above, the Group has employees who work directly on behalf of the System Fund and whose costs are borne by the Fund as disclosed in note 32. In line with IHG’s business model, IHG also employs General Managers and, in the US predominantly, other hotel workers who work in the managed hotels and who have contracts or letters of service with IHG. The total number of these employees is 22,577 (2016: 22,002, 2015: 20,452) and their costs of $1,056m (2016: $1,002m, 2015: $936m) are borne by those hotels.
| 2017 $m |
2016 $m |
2015 $m |
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Directors’ emoluments |
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Base salaries, fees, performance payments and benefits |
4.9 | 6.1 | 7.9 | |||||||||
| LOGO | More detailed information on the emoluments, pensions, share awards and shareholdings for each Director is shown in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 64 to 77. |