| 17. | Investment properties, net |
| (a) | Investment properties as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 are as follows: |
| 2016 | 2017 | |||||||
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Acquisition cost |
438,004 | 508,784 | ||||||
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Accumulated depreciation |
(84,829 | ) | (90,481 | ) | ||||
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Book value |
353,175 | 418,303 | ||||||
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| (b) | Changes in investment properties for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 are as follows: |
| 2016 | 2017 | |||||||
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Beginning balance |
208,717 | 353,175 | ||||||
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Acquisitions |
175,835 | 2,125 | ||||||
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Disposals |
(20,479 | ) | (6,277 | ) | ||||
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Depreciation |
(19,588 | ) | (16,095 | ) | ||||
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Amounts transferred from (to) property and equipment |
10,898 | 91,782 | ||||||
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Amounts transferred to assets held for sale (*) |
(2,200 | ) | (6,306 | ) | ||||
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Foreign currency adjustment |
(8 | ) | (101 | ) | ||||
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Ending balance |
353,175 | 418,303 | ||||||
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| (*) | Comprise land and buildings, etc. |
| (c) | Income and expenses on investment property for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 were as follows: |
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | ||||||||||
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Rental income |
30,876 | 27,852 | 33,023 | |||||||||
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Direct operating expenses for investment properties that generated rental income |
9,434 | 9,384 | 10,998 | |||||||||
| (d) | The fair value of investment property as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 is as follows: |
| 2016 | 2017 | |||||||
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Land and buildings(*) |
1,127,262 | 1,027,830 | ||||||
| (*) | Fair value of investment properties is estimated based on the recent market transactions and certain significant unobservable inputs. Accordingly, fair value of investment properties is classified as level 3. |