j) Business combinations and goodwill
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred, recorded at fair value on the acquisition date, and the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree.
For each business combination, the Company measures noncontrolling interests in the acquiree either at its fair value or on the basis of its proportional share in the identifiable net assets of the acquiree. Costs directly attributable to an acquisition are recorded as expenses, as incurred.
Upon acquiring a business, the Company assesses financial assets acquired and liabilities assumed so as to classify and allocate them in accordance with contractual terms, economic circumstances and relevant conditions on the acquisition date, including the segregation, by the acquiree, of embedded derivatives existing in host contracts in the acquiree.
In the event a business combination is conducted in stages, the ownership interest previously held in the acquiree’s capital is reassessed at fair value on the date control is acquired, and any impacts are recognized in the income statement.
Any contingent portion to be transferred by the acquirer shall be recognized at fair value on the acquisition date. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent portion to be considered as an asset or liability is recognized in the income statement. Contingent consideration on acquisition of a business that is not classified as equity is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss, whether or not included in the scope of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments.
Goodwill is initially measured as excess transferred payment amount in relation to acquired net assets (identifiable net assets acquired and liabilities assumed). If consideration is lower than fair value of acquired net assets, the difference must be recognized as gain in the income statement.
After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost, less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to the cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.
Where goodwill has been allocated to a CGU and part of the operation within that CGU is disposed of, the goodwill associated with that operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill disposed in these circumstances is allocated based on the relative fair values of the disposed operation and the portion of the CGU retained.